Mastering Design Patterns 11: A Comprehensive Guide to the Proxy Design Pattern by Andrea Gernone tech bits pub

proxy design pattern

The proxy can keep track of clients that obtained a reference to the service object or its results. From time to time, the proxy may go over the clients and check whether they are still active. If the client list gets empty, the proxy might dismiss the service object and free the underlying system resources.

Diagrammatical Representation of the Proxy Method Design Pattern in Java

We might not have explored all the patterns, but I will start to incorporate this section — just skip over the unknown patterns for now and come back later. The proxy can pass the request to the service object only if the client’s credentials match some criteria. To address this issue, we need to implement the Proxy Design Pattern to control the access and loading of images. Consider a scenario where your application needs to load and display images, and you want to optimize the image loading process.

RealSubject (RealImage Class):

Next, let’s write the ReportGeneratorImpl class, which is the RealSubject. In this post, we will look at the Proxy pattern the final pattern of the series in the GoF structural pattern family. In this example, we're going to be checking if the pilot's name is "Han Solo" since he is the rightful owner of the ship. JavaScript provides a built-in object called Reflect, which makes it easier for us to manipulate the target object when working with proxies. The proxy can log each request before passing it to the service.

Protection proxy

It is only when the client calls generateComplexReport() that we wrote from Line 16 to Line 21, we create a ReportGeneratorImpl object and pass the method call to it. From Line 22 to Line 33, we wrote the generateSesnsitiveReport() method to implement the functionality of a protection proxy. In this method, we checked the role name of aRole object that the proxy was initialized with.

proxy design pattern

Below is the complete combined code of the above example:

Proxy can be used in a variety of circumstances since demanding resources are a common occurrence in programming, especially when dealing with databases and networking. In given example, we have a RealObject which client need to access to do something. But as the access to this object needs to be guarded, framework returns the reference to RealObjectProxy.

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We are going to create an Image interface and concrete classes implementing the Image interface. ProxyImage is a a proxy class to reduce memory footprint of RealImage object loading. Consider a report viewer application that generates and displays sales reports. When the application starts, it displays a UI where users can specify the format and amount of data to display in a report. Users can also specify the type of report to generate, such as a daily sales report, a complex sales forecast report for the next quarter, and on.

In the report viewer application, it is not necessary to create the report generator object when the application loads. The MillenniumFalcon class represents a concrete spaceship which can be used by our Pilot. However, there could be some conditions we might like to check before allowing the pilot to fly the spaceship. For example, perhaps we would like to see if the pilot has the appropriate certificate or if they are old enough to fly. Like any other file manager, this one should be able to display images in a folder that a user decides to open.

Performance Patterns

The proxy object has the same interface as a service, which makes it interchangeable with a real object when passed to a client. First, three of them are the concrete image viewers that automatically load images on creation. The last three images don't load any images into memory on creation.

Proxy controls access to an object and can perform various actions before or after it is used

It controls access to the real object and may provide additional functionality such as lazy loading, access control, or logging. The Proxy Design Pattern is a structural design pattern that provides a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it. This pattern is useful when you want to add an extra layer of control over access to an object. The proxy acts as an intermediary, controlling access to the real object.

It maintains a reference (realSubject) to the substituted object (RealSubject) so that it can forward requests to it(realSubject.operation()). The proxy class implements the same interface as the original downloader and delegates it all the work. However, it keeps track of the downloaded files and returns the cached result when the app requests the same video multiple times. If you need to execute something either before or after the primary logic of the class, the proxy lets you do this without changing that class. Since the proxy implements the same interface as the original class, it can be passed to any client that expects a real service object.

We can also say that the Proxy is the object the client calls to access the real object behind the scene. That means, In the Proxy Design Pattern, a class represents the functionality of another class. This code sets up an image proxy, and when you request to display the image, the proxy checks whether the real image needs to be loaded.

A proxy can be used to add an additional security layer around the original object as well. A well-implemented Proxy Pattern can significantly enhance the structure and reliability of large systems. In this case, the weakref.proxy acts as a proxy to the HeavyObject without preserving its lifetime. This allows for memory optimization, especially when dealing with large objects. Previously, we tried to modify and access properties on the target object within the proxy through directly getting or setting the values with bracket notation.

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